Encyclopaedia Of Manipur

Book Code: 1111008615320

Khomdon Singh Lisam

ABOUT THE BOOK

The Book is meant primarily for foreigners and outsiders who come to visit or would like to come to visit Manipur. The book attempts to present all the important facets of Manipur in a clear, easily understandable form. , , The first chapter of the book is dedicated to why should you visit Manipur - entry formalities, Health precautions, places of interest etc. The book gives a brief account about the origin of Manipur, geography, fauna and flora, Manipur kingdom and kings, the population and people, Lois Yaithibi and Bishnupriya, Naga tries, Tangkhul tribes, Kuki and Hamrs, prominent tourists spots, festivals of Manipur, historical landmarks, Manipuri Dances, Games and Sports, Sagol Kangjei (Polo), Handloom, handicrafts and textiles. The books also gives a brief account about the districts of Manipur, Indo-Myanmar Border trade and why should you invest in Manipur. , , I hope the book will also be useful for the students, youths, common people and researchers who want to know a bit of everything about Manipur.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

About The Author:- Khomdon Singh Lisam rd/khomdon-singh" Title="khomdon-singh">Khomdon Singh Lisam was born on 21 December, 1948. He is the 8th child of Lisam Sajou Singh and Lisam Ongbi Mandalini Devi of Singjamei Makha Waikhom Leikai. He passed MBBS examination from the Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh. He did Post Graduation in Hospital Administration (MHA) from the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS, New Delhi) in 1981. He obtained post graduate degree and diploma certificates from the International Hospital, Federation, London (1985), University of Leeds, U.K. (1992), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok (1997), University of California at Los Angeles, USA (1997). He had presented scientific papers in many international conferences in London, Barcelona, Durban, Dacca, Kathmandu, Bangkok, Chiangmai, Yangon. He has been invited as a resource person in many countries including South Africa, Bangladesh, Nepal, Thailand and Myanmar. During his tenure as Project Director of Manipur State AIDS Control Society (1995-2003); he introduced the Manipur State AIDS Policy in 1996 and the Harm Reduction Project known as RIAC project for the first time in India. He worked as a temporary UNAIDS Advisor during the Global Research Network meeting held in Durban in April, 2000. Post retirement, he worked in Thailand and Myanmar for a brief period and in NACO during 2005-2006. Presently he is working as a Medical Superintendent of Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Medical Sciences (JNIMS), Imphal (Manipur). He has written four books in connection with HIV/AIDS. History and culture have been a fascinating subject for him since his student career. Whenever he goes to a new country or state, he makes it a point to study the culture of people. He has been studying the history, culture, social and developmental aspects of Manipur for the last five years.

CONTENTS

Contents:- Vol-1 # Contents, Foreword, Preface, Acknowledgements 1. Introduction , • Why should you visit Manipur ? • Entry Formalities /Protected Area Permit(PAP) • Inner Line Permit • Customs and Duties • How to reach Imphal • Hotel Facilities • Travel Agents • Courier Services • Health Precautions • Facts about Manipur • City Distances • Important Telephones • Places of Interest • Excursions • Shopping in Manipur 2. Origin of Manipur and Historical Evidences, • Creation of the Galaxy • Creation of Manipur: A legend • Creation of Yek and Salai • Different names of Manipur and Manipur’s relations with neighbouring kingdoms • Origin of the name –Manipur • Origin of Meiteis : • Migration • Historical Evidence • Ancient Books –Chronicles or the Puyas • Stone inscriptions and Copper/Iron Plates • Coins • Historical Relevance • Account left by Europeans • Archaeological findings • Archivial sources 3. Geography, Fauna and Flora, • Climate • Boundaries of Manipur • Hill Ranges • Rivers • Lakes • Water falls • Caves • Fauna and Flora • Wildlife-a rich heritage of Manipur • Keibul Lamjao National Park • Birds, Reptiles, common animals • Fishes • Soil • Forest • Vegetation • Wet Hill Forest • Pinus Casia Forests • Wet Temperate Forests • Sub-Alpine Forests • Teak Gurjan Forests • Semi Evergreen Forests • Trees of Manipur • Bamboo Brakes of Manipur • Cane Brakes of Manipur • Mushrooms • Rubber • Tree Bean Cultivation • Mineral resources • Flowers • Shirui Lily • Orchids • Fruits 4. Manipur Kingdom and Kings , • Chronicle of the Manipur Kings • Great Historical Gap 1199-44 B.C. • Kingship • Lakpas • Military Service • Land Revenue • Changes in the administrative structure during various kingships • Re-organization as a result of contact with neighbouring kings • Administration of Villages • Service Relationship • Phamnaiba • Lalupkaba • Loipotkaba • Judiciary Relationship • Religious Relationship • Important Kings / Maharajas of Manipur • Tangja Leela Pakhangba • Ningthou Kangba • Koi Koi • Poireiton Khunthokpa • Luwang Punshiba • Nongda Lairen Pakhangba • Khuiyoi Tompoak • Ura Konthouba • Naothingkhong • Meidingu Ayaangba • Meidingu Yanglou Keiphaba • Meidingu Loiyumba • Meidingu Loitongba • Ningthou Khomba • Meidingu Senbi Kyaamba • Mungyamba • Khagemba • Charai Rongba • Garib Niwaj • Chit Shai • Bharat Shai • Gourshyam • Maharaja Bhagyachandra (Chingthangkhomba or Jai Singh) • Labanya Chandra and Madhuchandra • Chourajit • Marjit Singh • Hirachandra • Advance of Gambheer Singh and Signing of Treaty of Yandabo • Raja Gambheer Singh • Maharaja Chandrakirti • Maharaja Nara Singh • Maharaja Devendra Singh • Maharaja Chandrakirti • Maharaja Surchandra Singh • The Palace Revolution, 1891 • Maharaja Kulachandra • Anglo-Manipuri War of 1891 • Khongjom War • Trial and Execution of Tikendrajit and Thangal General • Jubaraj Tikendrajit • Thangal General • Maharaja Kulachandra Dhaja • Prince Angousana Senapati • Maharaja Churachand Singh • Maharaja Bodhchandra Singh • Irabot’s struggle for a responsible government• Movement for a responsible Government in Manipur • Indian Independence Act of 1947 • Situation of Manipur immediately before independence • Signing of Stand Still Agreement and Instrument of Accession • Stand Still Agreement • Instrument of Accession • Political development in Manipur after India’s Independence • First Election and formation of a Ministry • Situation of Princely States immediately before Independence • Merger Agreement with other princely states • Situation of Manipur immediately before the Merger Agreement • Signing of Manipur Merger Agreement. • Maharaja Okendrajit 5. Population and People, • The People of Manipur • Census Population • Meitei Pangan • Sikhs • Nepalese • Biharis • Marawaris • Punjabis • South Indians • Bengalis • Society and Conduct of the Manipuris • Government and Politics • Religion 6. Meiteis, • Physical features • Meitei Clans –Salais/ Yek • Meitei Sagei and Yumnaks • Creation of Yumnak • Sagei • Apokpa Khurumba • Yum Mangba • Piba • Pibaren • Ningthou • Forms of address • Social Mores • Meitei Houses • Meitei Dress and Ornaments • Occupation • Meitei Food • Meitei Rituals • Totems • Manipuri language (Meiteilon): • Manipuri Mayek and Scriptures • Some of the common words and respectful terms of Manipuri language • Meitei Literature • Meitei Religion and Animism • The Meitei Lais • Sanamahi • The Umang Lais (Sylvan Gods) • Tree Cults of Ancient Manipur • Sacred Stones • Bamon/ Purohitism • Maibas and Maibis • Shumang Lila • Manipur Theatres • Chorus Repertory Theatre • Manipuri Cinema • Meitei Folk Songs 7. Lois, Yaithibi and Bishnupriya, • Lois • Yaithibi • Bishnupriya. # Vol-2 # CONTENTS:- 8. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes :, • Scheduled Castes • Scheduled Tribes • Aimol • Anal • Chiru • Chothe • Gangte • Kacha Naga • Koirao • Koireng • Kom • Lamgang • Mao • Maram • Maring • Mate • Mizo • Lai/Pawih • Monsang • Moyon • Paite • Poumai Naga • Purum • Salhte(Soktes) • Tarao • Thadou • Vaiphei • Zeliangrong • Zou 9. The Naga Tribes, • Origin of the term Naga • How many Naga Tribes are there? • Origin and Migration of Nagas : • Physical Features • Head Taking • Occupation • Houses • Food • Religion • Social Life and Village Organisation • Oath Taking : • Dress and Ornaments • Handicraft • Design of clothes • The Morung • Economic Activities • Marriage • Child Birth • Inheritance • Death Ritual • Tattooing • Feasts of Merit • Early Relations with the British • Naga National Movement • Govt. of India Act-1919 • Simon Commission-1929 • Govt. of India Act-1935 • Visit of Cabinet Mission • The 9-Point Agreement • Declaration of Naga Independence-August 14, 1947 • Naga Voluntary Plebiscite of 1951• Proclamation of the Federal Government • Naga People’s Convention • Birth of State of Nagaland • Earlier Indo-Naga Peace Talks • Shillong Accord • Birth of NSCN • Split of NSCN • NSCN-IM • Linkages of NSCN-IM • NSCN-K • Rivalry between NSCN-IM and NSCN-K • Peace Process • The Manipur Factor and the Peace Process • Weakness of NSCN’s demands for Greater Nagaland • Possible solutions 10. Tangkhuls, • Origin of the word “Tangkhul” • Migration of Tangkhuls • Origin of Tangkhuls • Tangkhul and Meitei Ties • Physical appearance of Tangkhuls • Tangkhul House • Occupation • Hairstyle (Coiffure) • Tattooing • Ornaments • Weapons • Tangkhul Language • Religion • Longshim (Bachelors Dormitory) • Ngalalong : (Girls Dormitory) • Awunga • Hangva • Marriage • Disposal of dead • Log Drum • War : Head Taking • Swearing and Oath Taking : • Economy • Tangkhul festivals • Music and Dances • Art and Culture • Textiles and Clothes • Maran Kasa (Feast of Merit) 11. Kukis and Hmars, • Kukis: origin of Kukis • Physical Features • Dress and Ornaments • Settlement area (Kho) • Villages of Kukis • Houses of Kukis • Family • Marriage • Divorce • Cultivation • Village administration • Land and mode of inheritance • Death Ritual • Food • Som Inn (Bachelors Dormitory • Musical instruments • Dances • Games and sports • Economic life • Hmars • Origin and Migration • Hmar Clans • Houses • Marriage • Family and Inheritances of Hmars • Traditional Political system of Hmars • Busung Sadar • Thiempu • The Village Crier • Siehmang Upas (Councillors) • Youth Dormitory (Buonzawl) • Val –Upsa • Courtship • Religion • Dances of Hmars • Musical Instruments • Textiles of Hmars • Handicrafts of Hmrars • Decorative Arts 12. Prominent Tourist Spots , • Imphal City • Kangla fort, -the ancient Manipur Palace • Khwairamband Keithel (Sana Keithel) • IMA Keithel or Mothers Market. • Saheed Minar • Shree Govindajee Temple • Temple of Thangal General • Manipur State Museum : • Manipur Zoological Garden : • War Cemeteries • Khonghampat Orchidarium • Heecham Yaicham Pat • Kaina • Andro - the ancient village : • Langthabal • Khongjom • Moirang • Loktak Lake and Sendra Island • Keibul Lamjao National Park • Phubala • Sekta Kei Mound -Archeological Living Museum • Waithou Lake • Singda • Tamenglong • Ukhrul • Shirui Lily • Moreh • Churachandpur #13. Festivals of Manipur • Festival of Meiteis • Cheiraoba - The Meitei NewYear • Ningol Chakouba - the social festival of Meiteis • Yaoshang - The premier festival of the Meiteis • Baruni • Kang Chingba or Ratha Yatra • Krishna Janmashtami • Durga Puja • Diwali • Heikru Hitongba • Mera Houchongba : • Lai Haraoba : “‘Frolic of the gods” • The festival of Christians - Christmas • Festival of Tangkhuls • Festival of Zeliangrong Nagas • Festival of Poumai Nagas • Festival of Kukis • Festival of Muslims # 14. Temples and Monuments • Vishnu Temple of Bishnupur • Lord Krishna Temple of Brahmapur Leikai • Shri Hanuman Thakur Temple of Mahabali Umang • Shri Govindajee Temple of Old Palace Kangla • Thangal General Temple of Wangkhei • Leimapokpam Keirungba Temple • Shri Govindajee Temple of New Palace • Shri Radha Raman Temple of Langthabal. • Lord Krishnachandra Temple of Kakching • Nara Singh Temple of Kakching • Abdeitya Temple of Lamangdong (Bishnupur) • Gopinath Temple of Ningthoukhong • Radha Madhav Temple of Ningthoukhong • Ramji Prabhu Temple of Ningthem Pukhri Mapal • Bijoy Govinda Temple of Sagolband • Nara Singh Thakur of Naorem Leikai • Nityainanda of RIMS Road • Madan Mohan Temple of Kongba • Sri Sri Radha Krishna Manimandir of ISKON • Gopinath Temple of Sanakhyahal • Hiyangthang Lairembi (Kamakhya) Temple • Thongam Mondum • Lord Sanamahi Temple, Imphal • Ibudhou Thangjing Temple of Moirang • Konthoujam Lairembi • Khamlangba of Kakching • Samadhi of Maharaja Gambheer Singh • Samadhi of Maharaja Nongchup Lamgaingamba (Bhadra Singh) • Samadhi of Luwang Ningthou #15. Historical Landmarks, • Chronology of important historical landmarks • Arrival of Muslims • Arrival of Hinduism • First Devastation “(Khuntak Ahanba-1755) • Seven Years Devastation (Chahi Taret Khuntakpa) • The Anglo-Manipuri war of 1891 (Khongjom War) • The Palace Revolution-1891 • Khongjom War-1891 • Paona Brajabashi • Chinglensana Phunganai Sanglakpa • Trial and death of Tikendrajit and Thangal General • Arrival of Christianity • First Nupi Lal (First Women’s Agitation -1904) • Kuki Uprising -1917-1919 • Zeliangrong Movement -1930-1949 • Jadonang : • Rani Gaidinliu : • Second Nupi Lal –(Second Women’s Agitation -1939) • Manipur and World War -II #16. Manipuri Dances • Manipur Classical Dance Forms • Manipur Raas Lila • Vasanta Raas • Characteristics of Manipuri Dance • Techniques of Manipuri Dance • Raas Lila Musical Instruments • Raas Dance Costumes • Early Period of Manipuri Dance • Maniprui Dance in Modern Times • Gostha Lila • Khamba Thoibi Dance • Maibi Dance • Pung Cholom • Nupa Pala • Famous Maniprui Dance Gurus# Vol- 3, CONTENTS:- #17. Games and Sports in Manipur • Beginning of Sports movement in Manipur • Sports Personalities of Manipur during Maharaja Churachand’s Reign • Olympians from Manipur • Arjuna Award Winners • Other Sports Stars • Indigenous Games of Manipur • Mukna (Manipuri Wrestling) • Mukna Kangjei (Khong Kangjei) • Yubi Lakpi • Woolaobi • Hiyang Tannaba • Arambai Hunba • Kang Sanaba • Thang-Ta:#18. Sagol Kangjei (Polo) • Sagol Kangjei (POLO) • Origin of Sagol Kangjei (Polo) in Manipur • Pana Sagol Kangjei • Manipur Sagol Kangjei during British Period • World’s first Polo Club was established at Silchar in 1859 • Manipur Polo spread to other parts of British India • Manipur Polo Game spread to other parts of the World from 1868 • Manipur Polo Game spread to Malta in 1868 • Manipur Polo Game spread to England in 1869 • Manipur Polo Game spread to Argentina in 1873 : • Manipur Polo Game spread to Australia in 1876 • Manipur Polo Game spread to USA in 1876 • Manipur Polo Game spread to France in 1879 • Polo Players of Manipur during 19th Century • Languages of Polo Game • Chronology of development of Polo • History of Polo from other countries of the world 19. Handlooms, Handicrafts and Textiles • Legends • Historical Background : • Modern Handloom and Handicrafts : • Handloom Population and Production • Textiles of the Meiteis • Design and embroidery used in Meitei Textiles • Textile of Nagas • Textile of Tangkhuls • Textile of Kabui Nagas • Textile of Hmars • Textile of Kukis • Textile of Paites • Pottery in Manipur • Cane and Bamboo works • Kouna Craft #20. All Districts of Manipur, • Imphal East District • Imphal West District • Thoubal district • Bishnupur Distrcit • Churachandpur District • Ukhrul District • Senapati District • Tamenglong District • Chandel District #21. Indo-Myanmar Border Trade • Indo-Myanmar Border Trade • Present Status of Indo-Myanmar Trade Route through Moreh • Volume of Indo-Myanmar Trade • Volume of Trade through Moreh • Measures taken up by the Government of India / State Government • Potential areas of exports from Manipur to Myanmar • Potential areas of Import from Myanmar to Manipur • Tran-Asian Highways • Kunming Initiative #22. Why Invest in the State?• Why Invest in the State? • Industrial Policy of Manipur • Package of Incentives • New Industrial Package for the North-East • Development of Industrial Infrastructure • Transport Subsidy • Fiscal Incentives • Relaxation of PMRY norms • Other Incentives • Procedure for release of assistance under the New Incentives. • Industrial Scenario of Manipur • Spinning Mill • Bamboo and paper industry • Silk and Tasar Industry • Industrial Corporations • Manipur Food Industries Corporation Ltd. • 200 TPD Cement Project in Manipur • Serpentinite and Idocrase Processing Industries • Manipur Traditional Liquor Plant • Integrated pineapple Concentration Plant • Bamboo shoot Fermentation • Medicinal plant Processing Industry. • Floriculture • Information Technology (IT) • Power Sector • Horticulture: • Pottery • Business Opportunities • Agriculture • Tea • Yongchak • Medicinal Plants • Rice Flake (Chengpak) • Banking and Finance • Pineapple • Ginger • Manipur Traditional Liquor • Mushrooms: • Bamboo and Bamboo shoots • Rubber: • Identification of Feasible Industrial Projects in Manipur • Market Potential • Fruit Processing • Cane and Bamboo Production Project • Kouna Crafts Production Project • Orchids • Black scented rice • Proposed Projects #Appendix-1 : British Political Agents / Officers in Manipur Appendix-2 : Instrument of Accession #Appendix-3 : Standstill Agreement #Appendix-4 : Govnors of Manipur #Appendix-5 : Chief Ministers of Manipur #Appendix-6 : Speakers of Manipur #Appendix-7 : Glossary #Appendix-8 : Index ,Index 1113